Doe & Arrow Hunting

EHD (Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease)Every 3 to 4 years, we discuss large outbreaks of whitetail deer disease. However, it is essential to note that these diseases are also common to mule deer and antelope. And this year (2022), the disorder most of us are talking about is EHD; it is especially prevalent here in my home state of Ohio. Though, cases have been popping up in several states throughout the country. And as deer hunters, it is essential that we educate ourselves on deer disease. More importantly, we need to know how to recognize an affected deer if we see one. So, let's take a closer look at EHD, learn precisely what it is, how it's spread and, what we as hunters can do to minimize it, if anything.First, it is important to know that EHD is a virus: it is not contagious. In other words, EHD cannot be spread from deer to deer. Instead, this disease is spread mainly via the midge, which is a small biting fly (also known as no-see-ums, sandflies, punkies, and various other names). EHD is also simply called HD, and may even be referred to as blue-tongue. And while the two diseases are very similar, EHD and blue-tongue are not the same.EHD Cause and PrevalenceSo, why does it seem we go years without seeing this disease? It is because EHD is most prevalent in years of extreme heat and drought. Though with anything, there can be exceptions to the rules. It can occur even without the hot, dry conditions, as long as midge flies are present EHD is a possibility. But, let's look at why this disease is more prevalent in years of drought.During a drought, water holes dry up leading deer and insects to seek out new water sources. This in turn leads to larger numbers of deer and insects sharing the same water source. The edges of the watering holes tend to get muddy from all of the deer activity. This creates the perfect environment for the midge fly, as they love disturbed areas of mud.These muddy areas are where the midge flies lay their eggs. Once hatched, the midge flies do not go far as they are not strong fliers. So, that means those nasty little insects are most likely going to be somewhat close to the water source just waiting on their victims. As with many other insects, the female is the culprit as they are the blood suckers of the species. It is the bite from the female midge that infects the deer with the deadly virus. So, keep in mind that while years of extreme heat and drought are most common for EHD outbreaks to occur, it can happen anywhere and anytime as long as midge flies are present in the area.EHD Signs & SymptomsWhat are the signs and symptoms of EHD; and more importantly, is it fatal? Let's start with the last part of that question. While EHD is most often fatal, many deer completely recover from the disease. Next up, let's take a closer look at the signs and symptoms of EHD. What should you look for? Is there a surefire way to recognize an infected deer?A deer with EHD may look very similar to one affected with CWD, as the virus causes the afflicted deer to lose its' appetite giving them the appearance of wasting away. And in fact, they truly are wasting away; just due to a different disease process. Other signs and symptoms of EHD include a loss of fear, high fevers, rapid heart rate, rapid breathing, excessive salivation, and weakness. It is also possible for infected deer to have swollen heads and necks and possibly even blue tongues, which is why it often confused with blue-tongue disease. Not all symptoms can be recognized or seen by us humans. We can't look at a deer and see the increased heart rate and not everyone will recognize the increased respirations (rapid breathing). But, what we may be able to see are the lack of fear, excess saliva, and possibly the weakness and blue-tongue. While fevers can't be seen, we may still be able to recognize one indirectly as the deer will lay or wade in the water for extended periods in an attempt to cool themselves and reduce the fever. As for the swollen neck and head, those may be harder to recognize, especially on bucks during the rut.If you think you have spotted an affected deer, you should contact your local or state wildlife agency. Though, in years of very high prevalence, please keep in mind that once EHD is confirmed in your area it may not be possible for your wildlife officer to come out and inspect every single reported or suspected case. Regardless, reporting it is the right thing to do.EHD PrognosisThis is a rapidly developing disease with symptoms appearing in as little as 7 days after being bitten. The afflicted deer will typically die within 3 or days of the onset of symptoms. Sadly, there is nothing we can do for infected deer. There is currently no treatment or cure for EHD.With that in mind, many hunters want to know if it is safe to eat an infected deer. And according to research, the answer is yes. EHD is not contagious and there are no known reported cases of anyone becoming sick from eating the meat of an afflicted animal. The best advice would be to make sure the meat is thoroughly cooked before consuming it. Ultimately, the decision is yours to make.Final Points Keep in mind, EHD is not contagious. It is most prevalent during the months of August through October, and even more prevalent during years of extreme heat and drought. There is no treatment or cure for EHD. And while there is no evidence that feeding can contribute to the spread of EHD, best practice would be to keep feeding or baiting locations away from wet areas. Affected meat is safe to eat. EHD cannot be spread to humans through contact or consumption. However, this basically comes down to a personal preference. Last, and certainly not least, we need to educate ourselves. As hunters it is important that we know what is going on in our areas. We need to be able to recognize deer disease and then do our part to report it. There is so much more to hunting than just going out and shooting a deer.

Category: Sports

State: Ohio

Country: United States of America (US)

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